BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations:

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Strategies Recommendations

Public health campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 in Australia, Europe, and North America are now centered on educating people on how to “live with the virus.” However, the fact that COVID-19 is now an endemic rather than a pandemic does not ensure that significant morbidity and mortality will be completely avoided. No matter what management strategies are put in place, COVID-19 will continue to seriously endanger the health of a large number of people. The question is which populations and which countries will be most affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that between 13.3 million and 16.6 million people worldwide had died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (Alhazmi et al., 2020).

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

The pandemic and the public health reaction to it have produced other types of collateral damage in addition to the acute fatalities and illnesses brought on by COVID-19 and the long-term health consequences on specific individuals. The worldwide economy, as well as people’s general and mental health, are all greatly impacted by this. It will take a very long time for the healthcare system to recover from the highly disruptive effect of surgeries being canceled and wait times for various services being extended (Nri-Ezedia et al., 2021).

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Risk Management for Population Health as We Adapt to COVID-19

The possibility that a brand-new virus would emerge in 2020 and cause a pandemic is completely unexpected. Since pathogens have evolved to survive with human populations, they have a shared past with humans and will always exist. It takes little historical analysis to see their significance for day-to-day living.

The most obvious links to COVID-19 are influenza pandemics, such the Spanish flu (1918–1919), which may have killed up to 50 million people, and the Asian flu (1956–1957), which may have killed up to 4 million people (Fakhruddin et al., 2020). The WHO estimates that before 2020, influenza will kill between 250,000 and 500,000 people annually, despite the fact that it is currently very common worldwide. The elderly, those with chronic conditions, and other vulnerable groups will be disproportionately affected.

In addition, there has been a significant decline in the number of HIV and AIDS-related deaths between 1981 and the present. From 1.7 million in the mid-2000s to 680,000 in 2020, the bulk of these deaths take place in sub-Saharan Africa. Unhealthily, we’ve grown to feel clearly untrue that the fight against infectious diseases is won. Novel pathogens have existed and will persist, and both their development and presence are crucial aspects of human history (Chan et al., 2020).

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

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Vaccinations as a Means of Protection

Clearly, vaccination is the best defense against these illnesses that we have discovered. Although these immunizations do not provide 100% protection against infection, they are nonetheless extremely helpful in preventing hospital admissions, fatalities, and serious illnesses. The development of these vaccines has saved millions of lives worldwide. However, even in this instance, vaccination uptake within Canada and, more significantly, between countries has already varied dramatically. Notably, large populations in low- and middle-income countries remain vulnerable to significant illness and mortality from COVID-19 due to restricted availability to vaccines (Ciotti et al., 2020).

Additional Meaures of Public Health

Before widespread vaccines were instituted, the virus might have been contained by enforcing mask laws, limiting public gatherings, telling people to stay at home, doing comprehensive testing, and tracking down their contacts. As we move closer living with the virus in its endemic form, many governments have reduced or eliminated the majority of these additional measures, since vaccination rates in Canada and many other developed nations are high (Noale et al., 2020). Major illness risk is low in those under 70 years old who are properly inoculated and do not have any other risk factors. Conversely, COVID-19 symptoms vary greatly from person to person and are unpredictable.

Public Health Organizations

Public health groups have already begun to follow COVID-19-related hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and fatalities more closely than they have been tracking the pandemic, at least in terms of case counts. Additionally, the daily updates of these measurements and news conferences have mostly been replaced by weekly monitoring reports, which are more in line with surveillance for other endemic respiratory disorders like influenza (Jebril, 2020). It remains to be seen if this change is coming too soon. There have been reduced rates of morbidity and mortality and higher levels of transmissibility associated with every new variant that has surfaced to yet.

Public Health Reaction Plan for Ongoing COVID-19 Handling

The Canadian government released Version 3 of the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Public Health Response Plan for Ongoing Management of COVID-19 at the end of March 2022. This document provides instructions for managing the virus moving forward, with the assumption that COVID-19 may continue to evolve differently across the country and that this will likely result in additional spikes in activity that may call for adjustments in the public health response. Laws pertaining to vaccinations and vaccine availability will need to adapt in response to the virus. The plan not only specifies the levels of morbidity and death that the public would tolerate, but it also highlights important areas of doubt that require more investigation.

These include the degree to which the public will tolerate more public health measures if needed, and how COVID-19 will interact with the expected resurgence of seasonal respiratory viruses, which have been mostly absent from our environment for the past two years. Regardless of the surveillance and control strategies employed, we need to closely monitor the stark differences in health outcomes that surfaced in previous COVID-19 rounds (Palacios Cruz et al., 2020). Inequities pertaining to age and comorbidity are prevalent within our healthcare systems. On the other hand, COVID-19 makes it quite clear how important variations exist in terms of socioeconomic status and demographic traits like race and ethnicity.

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

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The COVID-19 Outbreak led to Psychological Problems

The COVID-19 pandemic, according to nearly half of the general public, significantly affected their psychological well-being. The most common complaint expressed by respondents was poor sleep quality (40%) followed by stress (34%) and psychological discomfort (34%). Patients with COVID-19 had the highest rate of psychological disease, followed by members of the general public and medical personnel. Because of the disease’s widespread occurrence, an increase in cases and fatalities, and other factors, higher psychological morbidities in demographic subgroups are often observed during pandemics; however, these observations need to be measured (Talevi et al., 2020).

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

Previously, during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), SARS, H1N1 influenza, and Ebola virus epidemics, comparable conditions with elevated psychological morbidities were also identified. Comparing the patients to medical professionals or the general public, there was an alarming rise in the rate of psychological morbidity, similar to previous epidemics. More over half of the SARS, MERS, or Ebola patients had at least one of the various psychological morbidities, such as depression, anxiety, stress, or sleep problems (Ahmed et al., 2020). Stigma, prejudice, food insecurity, mortality rate, and risk perception are some of the primary factors contributing to this high burden among the patients.

Medical Staff

After patients, healthcare workers had the greatest prevalence of psychological disease in the general population. Studies carried out in the past during epidemics have also shown that healthcare workers are far more likely than the general population to experience psychological problems. The World Health Organization reports that there is a severe worldwide scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a result of abuse, panic buying, stockpiling, and rising demand (Cook, 2020). Therefore, having PPE on hand is crucial to the mental health of medical professionals in order to prevent them from getting sick and infecting others. Without it, their physical and emotional well-being would suffer and they will be in risk. 

Even in settings where there is ample personal protective equipment (PPE) and thorough training before handling any patients, there is still a chance of getting sick. The rationing of ventilators for the sick may cause psychological discomfort in addition to anxieties about their own safety, the safety of their loved ones, the deaths of their own coworkers, lengthy work hours, and home supplies.

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

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Conclusion

In summary, equal access to healthcare resources, extensive immunization programs, and adaptability should be given top priority in a strong Public Health Reaction Plan for continuing COVID-19 control. It takes data-driven tactics and ongoing monitoring to effectively address new variations and shifting public health environments. Governments, healthcare organizations, and communities must work together to lessen the virus’s effects and increase public health resilience. Societies may negotiate the changing pandemic landscape more skillfully if they maintain preparedness for future problems and cultivate public trust through open communication.

References

Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., & Ahmad, A. (2020). Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(51), 102092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092

Alhazmi, A., Ali, M. H. M., Mohieldin, A., Aziz, F., Osman, O. B., & Ahmed, W. A. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health Research, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1867

Chan, E. Y. Y., Huang, Z., Lo, E. S. K., Hung, K. K. C., Wong, E. L. Y., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2020). Sociodemographic Predictors of Health Risk Perception, Attitude and Behavior Practices Associated with Health-Emergency Disaster Risk Management for Biological Hazards: The Case of COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong, SAR China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113869

Ciotti, J. R., Valtcheva, M. V., & Cross, A. H. (2020). Effects of MS disease-modifying therapies on responses to vaccinations: A review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 45, 102439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102439

Cook, T. M. (2020). Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic – a narrative review. Anaesthesia, 75(7), 920–927. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15071

Fakhruddin, B. (SHM), Blanchard, K., & Ragupathy, D. (2020). Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Disaster Science, 7, 100102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102

Jebril, N. (2020, April 1). World Health Organization Declared a Pandemic Public Health Menace: A Systematic Review of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 “COVID-19.” 

Papers.ssrn.com. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3566298

Noale, M., Trevisan, C., Maggi, S., Antonelli Incalzi, R., Pedone, C., Di Bari, M., Adorni, F., Jesuthasan, N., Sojic, A., Galli, M., Giacomelli, A., Molinaro, S., Bianchi, F., Mastroianni, C., & Prinelli, F. (2020). The Association between Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Data from the EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey. Vaccines, 8(3), 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030471

Nri-Ezedia, C. A., Okechukwu, C., Ogochukwu, O. C., Nwaneli, E. I., Musa, S., Kida, I. M., Hassan, A. H., & Thomas, U. O. (2021). Predictors of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Vaccine Acceptance Among Nigerian Medical Doctors. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820535

Palacios Cruz, M., Santos, E., Velázquez Cervantes, M. A., & León Juárez, M. (2020). COVID-19, a worldwide public health emergency. Revista Clinica Espanola. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rceng.2020.03.001

Talevi, D., Socci, V., Carai, M., Carnaghi, G., Faleri, S., Trebbi, E., Bernardo, A. di, Capelli, F., & Pacitti, F. (2020). Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista Di Psichiatria, 55(3), 137–144. https://www.rivistadipsichiatria.it/archivio/3382/articoli/33569

BHA FPX 4108 Assessment 3 Strategies Recommendations

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