Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper

Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper

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Healthcare providers must formulate effective approaches when dealing with all patients. That is because the main aim of these patients seeking healthcare services in their respective healthcare facilities is to prove they trust the services. However, various factors like socioeconomic, cultural religion, among other factors, may influence the patient’s overall health. For instance, in the case of Shawn, it is evident that he is financially unstable since if he had enough money to seek healthcare in a patient-centered facility, he would not have brought his father along but would have shifted his care facility (Ball et al., 2019)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper. Also, how these staffs treat Jeff intentionally and unintentionally is one of the many reasons patients of different ethnicities and races may find it hard to access healthcare easily. As a result, such patients are exposed to low-quality healthcare services that tend to increase their mortality and morbidity rates, influencing overall healthcare costs to the patient and healthcare system.

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For that reason, ethnic and racial matters need to be handled sensitively and carefully by healthcare providers since they determine the attitudes, trust, and confidence that patients have toward health facilities (Tan‐McGrory et al., 2020). For instance, instead of the staff at the healthcare, Shawn was seeking the services, referring to him as a “frequent flyer”; they needed to initiate a positive relationship with the patient to have a full assessment of his condition. That is because various health conditions like brain tumors, meningitis, and traumatic brain injury are lethal conditions associated with headaches. In such a case, as an additional question, the healthcare provider can ask Shawn if he has ever had a head injury or a previous brain tumor diagnosis to identify his condition’s root cause.

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination an interpretational approach (9th ed.). St. Louise, MO: Elsevier.

Tan‐McGrory, A., Madu, A. O., Kenst, K. S., & Betancourt, J. R. (2020). Engaging patients from diverse backgrounds in healthcare treatment. The Wiley handbook of healthcare treatment     engagement: Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice, 335-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119129530.ch18 Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper

HEALTH Wk 2 DISCUSSION POST RESPONSE #2

Respond to one of your colleagues who were assigned a different patient than you. Critique your colleague’s targeted questions and explain how the patient might interpret these questions. Explain whether any of the questions would apply to your patient, and why. NEED 2 Scholarly References

Colleagues Module 2, Week 2, Initial Discussion Post

Health Assessment and Diversity

As care providers, we must be aware of various communities with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds and learn appropriate culturally sensitive communication and treatment through internal reflection, skills, and knowledge (Deliz et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper. In this case study, the presenting patient is Shawn Billings, a 28-year-old African American male regarded as a “frequent flyer” by the staff at the clinic, who also presented with a migraine at the clinic last week and four days prior, received a shot of Toradol and Ativan and was sent home. The patient is agitated and is accompanied by his father. The discussion will include specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and cultural factors associated with the patient and sensitive issues to consider when assessing the patient. Also, associated targeted questions for building health history and assessing the health risks will be discussed.

Socioeconomic, Spiritual, Lifestyle, and Cultural Factors

Socioeconomic aspects of health can relate to social status, where health and illness follow a social slope; the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health (Jones et al., 2019). The patient appears to come from a socio-economically challenging background because he worries of not receiving pain-relieving medication. Due to the patient’s mistrust of the health system, the systemic factors may limit the patient’s culturally personalized health care services because of his socioeconomic factors (Hall & Heath, 2021)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper.

The patient’s lifestyle does not appear healthy because of his frequent visits to the clinic. Some of the other cultural factors associated with an African American patient include disparities in healthcare that result from the lack of utilization of healthcare services, limited access to healthcare with the lack of health coverage, and poor quality of care received, which may explain the patient’s concern with not receiving any medication (Biggers et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper. The medical staff may label the patient as a drug user, inhibiting him from receiving proper medical care.

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When providing care to this patient, it is critical to be sensitive to race disparities, educational and awareness levels, religious issues, and family and social history because cultural and socioeconomic sensitivity is permeated into the medical field to ensure enhanced efficiency as it reaches diverse populations. In addition, a non-biased approach is vital in providing and promoting beneficial educational services when providing care. Health knowledge differs by culture. Some cultures may be unaware of specific illnesses or how to maintain healthy habits. The provider must educate patients from diverse cultural or ethnic backgrounds on diagnosis and treatment (Biggers et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper.

The patient interview is the foundation for gathering comprehensive information about their condition to ensure comprehensive patient-based care (Miller & Hamler, 2019). Actively listening to the patient and his father as they explain his presenting problem is critical. Building rapport with the patient is essential, consequently increasing the patient’s confidence in the provider. Also, showing empathy to the patient is essential as it ensures the patient develops a good relationship with the practitioner (Ball et al., 2019)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper. The patient must be heard and validated. Asking open-ended questions encourages more thorough responses and inspires patients to disclose more relevant information, including their emotions and behaviors (Tan‐McGrory et al., 2020). However, open and close-ended questions should be conducted in appropriate situations.

Further, during an appropriate situation when rapport has been established, after other possible conditions have been ruled out, mental health topic may be explored using sensitive language and patient education. The patient may be experiencing mental health problems or drug dependence, considering patient’s emotional state and recurrent clinic visits for migraine pain management.

Many providers have developed cultural assumptions over time, often due to a need for proper cultural education. Cultural assumptions and ignorance can pose unique challenges to both providers and patients. Awareness and promotion of culturally competent care are essential. Instead of being critical, awareness with openness and positivity should be practiced achieving more significant results in patient care (Deliz et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper.

Also, some providers make assumptions about unfamiliar cultures, damaging the provider-patient relationship and reducing treatment acceptance. It is crucial to ask questions if clarification is required on a particular culture. People from various cultures would readily educate a healthcare provider if the providers were willing to listen (Deliz et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper. Taking the patient-centered approach when considering patient care, including family, daily life, and culture, is essential, providing for more than just assessing a patient’s medical history, symptoms, and medications.

Issues Requiring Sensitive Communication

Healthcare providers must develop and maintain cultural competence to provide the best quality of patient care. For the patient in this scenario, the provider should recognize that African American patients tend to have negative perceptions of the healthcare system and are less likely to seek medical care. When assessing this patient, it is essential to consider race consciousness, educational level and awareness, religion, and family and social history (Hall & Heath, 2021)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper.

The provider should also assess the patient’s father’s role in his care and determine if the patient wants his father to be involved in his treatment. Before starting the patient’s assessment, the provider must also ask the patient whether he wants his father to remain in the exam room.

Including cultural and socioeconomic sensitivity in the medical field enhances efficiency in caring for people from diverse ethnic groups. In addition, it will ensure a non-biased approach and promote beneficial services when care is provided. The strategies include choosing non-biased language that is simple, clear, and easy to follow, confirming high professional standards, and patient confidence (Biggers et al., 2020)Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper.

Further, building trust with a patient while considering different cultural factors is essential when communicating with the patient. Active listening and open-ended questions can help the provider build a trusting therapeutic relationship with the patient (Tan‐McGrory et al., 2020). If the language barrier is an issue, the provider can utilize the services of an interpreter for communicated understanding. Additionally, the provider should avoid making assumptions concerning the patient’s health conditions and spiritual or socioeconomic background (Deliz et al., 2020). It can make the patient feel uncomfortable and put a strain on communication.

Targeted Questions for Building Health History and Assessment

The health assessment questions to consider are as follows:

1. What is the severity, duration, and quality of the pain? When did the pain start?
2. Have you had these migraines before?
3. Can you describe your pain (pulsatile, pressure, or stabbing)?
4. Are there other symptoms present (nausea, vomiting, and photophobia)?
5. Do you have any associated pain related emotions or feelings (worry, irritability, or
   nervousness)? Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper
6. Are there any activities that relieve your pain?
7. What makes the pain worse?
8. Have you seen the primary care provider about these migraines before?
9. Can you tell me more about any health conditions you were treated for in the past?
10. What kind of foods do you usually eat?
11. Can you tell me more about your family and social relationships?
12. What is your daily level of activity?
13. What do you do for work?
14. Do you have insurance or access to a pharmacy?

Conclusion

Healthcare providers must develop and maintain cultural competence to provide the best quality of patient care. Taking the entire patient-centered approach is crucial when considering patient care, including family, daily life, and culture. It is also essential for providers to be sensitive to race disparities, educational and awareness levels, religious issues, and family and social history. Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to
physical examination an interpretational approach (9th ed.). St. Louise, MO: Elsevier.

Biggers, A., Spears, C. A., Sanders, K., Ong, J., Sharp, L. K., & Gerber, B. S. (2020). Promoting
mindfulness in African American communities. Mindfulness, 11(10), 2274-2282.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33584869/

Deliz, J. R., Fears, F. F., Jones, K. E., Tobat, J., Char, D., & Ross, W. R. (2020). Cultural
competency interventions during medical school: A scoping review and narrative
synthesis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35, 568-577.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-019-05417-5

Hall, G. L., & Heath, M. (2021). Poor medication adherence in African Americans is a matter of
trust. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(4), 927-942.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33215358/

Jones, J. R., Berney, S., Connolly, B., Waterland, J. L., Denehy, L., Griffith, D. M., &
Puthucheary, Z. A. (2019). Socioeconomic position and health outcomes following critical
illness: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine, 47(6), e512-e521.
https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Abstract/2019/06000/Socioeconomic_Position_and_
Health_Outcomes.37.aspx

Miller, V. J., & Hamler, T. (2019). A value-critical policy analysis of the nursing home reform
act: A focus on care of African American and Latino residents. Social Work in Health
Care, 58(5), 471-493. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920360/

Tan‐McGrory, A., Madu, A. O., Kenst, K. S., & Betancourt, J. R. (2020). Engaging patients from
diverse backgrounds in healthcare treatment. The Wiley handbook of healthcare treatment
engagement: Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice, 335-353.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119129530.ch18 Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper

RESOURCES

• Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
  • Chapter 2, “Cultural Competency”
    This chapter highlights the importance of cultural awareness when conducting health assessments. The authors explore the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices.

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• Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
  Credit Line: Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains, J.E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby. Reprinted by permission of Mosby via the Copyright Clearance Center. Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper
  • Chapter 2, “Evidenced-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines”
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, October 21). Cultural competence in health and human servicesLinks to an external site.. Retrieved from https://npin.cdc.gov/pages/cultural-competence
  This website discusses cultural competence as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Understanding the difference between cultural competence, awareness, and sensitivity can be obtained on this website.
• United States Department of Human & Health Services. Office of Minority Health. (n.d.). A physician’s practical guide to culturally competent careLinks to an external site..Retrieved June 10, 2019, from https://cccm.thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/
  From the Office of Minority Health, this website offers CME and CEU credit and equips healthcare professionals with awareness, knowledge, and skills to better treat the increasingly diverse U.S. population they serve.
• Coleman, D. E. (2019). Evidence based nursing practice: The challenges of health care and cultural diversityLinks to an external site.. Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 19(4), 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/15323269.2019.1661734
• Young, S., & Guo, K. L. (2016). Cultural diversity trainingLinks to an external site.. The Health Care Manager, 35(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1097/hcm.0000000000000100 Health Assessment And Diversity Discussion Paper