PSYC FPX 4900 Assessment 2 Analyzing a Health Problem in Psychology

Katie Schmid

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Capella University

PSYC-FPX4900

Professor’s Name

April 2025

PSYC FPX 4900 Assessment 2 analyzes substance use in young adult males (18-25), covering causes, impacts, and evidence-based treatments through psychological theories and research.

Analyzing a Health Problem in Psychology

Drug use amongst young adult males, in particular in the ones who fall under the age range of 18 to 25, is an extensive and intricate public health issue. With further growth and development occurring in some unspecified time within the future amongst this phase and self-improvement and social and environmental changes, this age range is graded as excessive danger at commencement using materials. Substance addiction in this special age structure has severe effects on the well-being of the clients, their families, and society as a whole, in addition to society in general (Volkow et al., 2021). The drug use profile of more young men is also explained under the umbrella of modern theories, modern literary analysis, cultural and ethical problems, and prevention and treatment. This essay explains the background and etiology of this current and complex issue with a view to establishing sophisticated and culturally sensitive means to tackle it.

The Problem – Substance Use in Young Adult Males (Ages 18–25)

Illicit drug-taking is a huge public health issue disproportionately affecting young men between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Approximately 275 million human beings have used tablets in the past three hundred sixty-five days all over the world, of which over 36 million have experienced drug use issues (Onaolapo et al., 2022). Now, in the United States of America, there is a term known as the greatest current prevalence for use of substances in the age group of human beings between 18 to 25 years, which consists of alcohol, marijuana, and prescription drugs. According to the US data obtained in 2018, the use of illegal drugs throughout one’s lifetime used to be surprisingly common among young people, where seventy-nine.7% ever consumed alcohol, 51.five% % marijuana, and 55.0% to tobacco, which would represent immoderate drug exposure during this development stage (Volkow et al., 2021). This is a phase in life that is typically characterized by early transitions, leaving home, looking for training or artwork, and acquiring social networks, therefore, vulnerability. Most of these children are using capsules as one way of coping with stress, peer pressure, highbrow issues, or admiration, among others, which end up in dependency or dependence in the long run.

It is also linked to the demographic and socio-monetary circumstances. Younger male cohorts have a favorable risk of drug abuse due to a lack of conditions such as discrimination, restricted access to intellectual fitness services, and a high unemployment rate in the various African American and Hispanic cohorts. Drugs are found to be more easily accessible in urban regions, and the opposite is the case in rural regions, where conditions such as restricted social contact and fewer healthcare facilities are present. Most negatively impacted are lower- to middle-income adult males who lack positive family direction or access to intervention and preventive education services (Hayek et al., 2024). Substance Use in this group has many dreadful impacts on their education, criminality, health, and destinies.

Consequences of Allowing Substance Use to Continue Among Young Adult Males

Excluding intervention, drug abuse in young adult males can lead to a chain of negative consequences that affect individuals, families, and corporations. As a result of this incessant use of medication, this aged entrepreneur will likely acquire long-term conditions that include liver disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and neurologic disease. Mental well-being is also affected, especially through hopelessness, terror, and suicidal behaviors, which are also extremely prevalent in drug users (Armoon et al., 2021). Human prodigies growing up until their mid-twenties are most susceptible at this stage of their life. Long-term use of substances impacts a character’s cognitive ability, will-making, and self-regulation, most likely to determine human boom and renders them less efficient in preventing threat-taking activity like unprotected sex, violent usage, or even crook behavior.

Educational and economic-smart repeated use deleterious impact on education and work continuity. Younger men in this economy of youth are the heterogeneous highest-risk members of society since all of them lose out of staff or are unable to have regular jobs. Due to horrendous attendance, school underachievement, or exposure to the intervention (Paul et al., 2024). Most of them lead a life of privation, state dependency, and entanglement in the justice system. Family life could also prove to be deteriorating. Thus, families become their own enemies, lose self-confidence, or even impose fear and emotional suffering. Members of the businesses also experience it as the type of increase in crime rates, crowded health centers, and diminished manual services. Unless concerted effort is utilized, the potential of a whole generation of young men can be lost, to the ultimate loss to society, as much in terms of productivity as human achievement.

The PSYC FPX 4900 Assessment 2 Analyzing a Health Problem in Psychology also keeps stigmatizing and disadvantaging people in access to treatment if miles are still withheld. More young adult men or female men can no longer access help because of the masculinity norms of living, stigma, or lack of familiarity with treatment. This denial keeps the abuse and recovery cycle going, and it will take how many minutes it will take to get help. Failure and prevention early on cause more expense to the health and justice system (Camenga & Hammer, 2022). land of no leisure activity, through the mechanism of allowing the hassle to continue and incidentally causing the obstacle preventing those young men from receiving the help they require, in fact, causing the hassle to grow. All the consequences are not of a short time period but can reach deep into maturity, impacting fitness, social membership, and overall well-being.

Analyzing the Relationship of Theory and the Problem

The Biopsychosocial model gives a comprehensive explanation of alcohol and drug abuse among young adult male characters based on natural, psychological, and social factors. At the biological level, this employer might be genetically predisposed to addiction, and there will be some neurochemically imbalanced individuals or those with a history of drug addiction in their families. Psychologically, low self-esteem, impulsivity, or unaddressed mental contamination by depression and tension develop vulnerability to drug abuse. Socially, more young men are exposed to environments where poverty, unstable personal family settings, and network violence become successful, all of which contribute towards normalization or initiation of drug use (Buckner et al., 2021). The convergence of all these variables is the basis for which limiting one side of my control alone, i.e., access to drugs, will not be enough in order to keep you and limit drug use. The rule tries to cover the multimodal nature of dependency and urges a multidimensional mechanism for prevention and intervention.

Bandura’sBandura’s theory of social learning further explains that the consumption behavior of materials is learned and developed by observation and imitation (Hahlbeck & Vito, 2021). especially young male adults are easily deprived of the positive source of loved ones, media representation, and friends who indirectly and freely offer drug consumption as applicable and acceptable behavior. While drug use is a gift or perhaps desirable, human beings are able to start fantasizing about drugs as yearned, useful in coping with nervousness, or as an indication of maturity.
On the basis of this very idea, reinforcement will play a prominent role. While a character sees other people gaining pride, social position, or avoidance through drug use, they will likely take up health (Hahlbeck & Vito, 2021). This is especially so in emerging maturity when identification is being formed, and more young human judgments are eagerly sought. According to the Social learning knowledge principle, the social environment wants to change, and repeated exposure to negative feature models wants to be avoided.

PSYC FPX 4900 Assessment 2 Analyzing a Health Problem in Psychology

The Biopsychosocial model and Social mastery concept collectively provide a wide-reaching explanation for substance use among young individual men. The Biopsychosocial model explains drug use as the result of an interaction among organic vulnerabilities like genetic makeup, intellectual factors like coping mechanisms or trauma, and social factors, e.g., peer pressure or SES (Buckner et al., 2021). The major strength of the model lies in its wholeness, which acknowledges the multifaceted and complex nature of drug use. However, one of its potential shortcomings is the fact that the level of generalizability it possesses makes it challenging to learn to become sensitive to specific intervention targets.

Instead, the Social learning principle asserts that drug-taking is an observed action, finished with the aid of staring, imitation, and rewarding others; it is most often promoted by means of the method of family members, companions, and the media (Buckner et al., 2021). The strength of this maxim is its social context focus and drug use reinforcement types of behavior, because it is much more helpful in an instantaneous way under behavioral interventions. Its weakness, however, is that it could drain the natural and subtle cause of dependency.

While all theories give weight to environmental and social causation, they vary in their point of focus. The biopsychosocial model covers more broadly determinants inside and outside, whereas the Social mastering principle covers more specifically observable learning and reinforcement. Combining both theories makes it possible to have selective, evidence-based components necessary to detect the use of substances and sustain multiple-sided intervention, from cognitive behavioral therapy to mentorship programs and policy reforms to address socioeconomic inequalities.

Synthesis of Existing Research on Substance Use

The prior reading research study offers a significant amount of detail on the etiology, effect, and treatment of drug use that can be useful in comprehending the mental, social, and behavioral aspects of the issue. In their article, Balandeh et al. (2021) wrote about three-wave cognitive behavioral recovery methods on the reputation and commitment therapy (ACT) side of Dialectical conduct remedy (DBT) and said that all of them had an effect on emotion law and mental flexibility which is probably 2 of the real detail factors of the method of recovery from various forms of addictions. Similarly, Bayır and Aylaz (2020) examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training constructed with self-efficacy thinking and thereby implemented a significant boost in human beings’ beliefs in themselves as they switched their use of substances. The research findings show that interventions on affective and cognitive additives might be most effective. Conversely, Hoffmann and Jones (2020) presented the external provocation showing closer to life that drug use among youth is caused by traumatic reviews and stress accumulation. All studies mostly agreed that drug abuse and drug use cannot be attributed to a single motive, but are a multifaceted issue motivated by intrapersonal as well as environmental motives.

Research evidence also identifies heterogeneity at certain phases in populations and demonstrates how population variation affects drug-taking patterns. In a chunk through Artamendi et al. (2021) they sought to explore gender differences in comorbid psychiatric disorders in young adults, i.e., despair and tension in women and conduct problems in boys. Those ones are as a chance quintessential if one has to expand interventions as a way of assisting those children. Koehler (2021) advanced further in the building of the scale by looking into the interconnection between drug abuse and violent extremism for the children and stubbornly entrenched trauma as the highbrow trouble. At the same time that Koehler (2021) took a qualitative, theoretical stance, Artamendi et al. (2021) generated massive-scale survey data, which is a reflection of a difference in the work mode. Although they both are on the hypothesis side that untreated intellectual fitness disorders overstate substance use opportunities. Nawi et al. (2021) financed this through the use of reviewing risk and defensive factors among children and discovered that socioeconomic factors, parental deprivation, and influence from peers are the main drivers of drug abuse among young people. This aligns with the findings from Hoffmann and Jones (2020), despite the fact that Nawi’s (2021) take a look at sticks out for its broader scope and synthesis of global statistics.

In comparison with the research methodology, there is a possible seeming variation in depth and graph. Balandeh et al. (2021) and Koehler (2021) founded their studies upon narrative reviews and thinking communication, presenting a wide-ranging conceptual knowledge but no statistical data. Bayır and Aylaz (2020), by contrast, used a quasi-experimental methodology with measurable outcomes, and they had better findings. All Hoffmann and Jones (2020) utilized literature review techniques that conformed to the modern look but managed varied subjects. Hoffmann and Jones (2020) considered solely the impacts on us, while Nawi et al. (2021) gave a world assessment. Artamendi et al. (2021) utilized an ignore by using a cross-sectional sketch survey and statistical techniques that gave demographic records that were useful. Taken together, the articles present a vivid richness of understanding, revealing that while substance use is shaped by man or woman variables and also self-efficacy and intellectual hardness, it’s also fundamentally activated with the beneficial assistance of environmental stressors, trauma history, and larger social context. This convergence also deserves the call for integrative, evidence-based whole interventions specially designed to meet the super challenges of unique populations, e.g., younger adult men.

Cultural Considerations

In the literature referenced, cultural issues had been reported to some degree, with some research reporting the influence of cultural norms, ideals, and social structure on substance use behavior explicitly. For example, in Nawi et al.’ sal.’s (2021) systematic review, they outlined how drug use and drug abuse are driven by religious beliefs, family duty, and cultural shame in collectivist cultures where drug use results in mounting social isolation. Similarly, it is to be diagnosed that Bandura’sBandura’s Social learning concept is not necessarily free of cultural factors because the behaviors are constructed out of sight of observation in the cultural environment (Hahlbeck & Vito, 2021). PSYC FPX 4900 Assessment 2 Analyzing a Health Problem in Psychology guideline confirms that there are certain cultures that can sell utilizing the material of friends or family and claim it is proper, but to other people, it is disgusting. Those implications suggest that it is vital that cultural problems be included in interest and ensure that the procedures used in preventing similar treatment disorders are culturally appropriate. In spite of these, huge gaps and ruptures existed in the integration of cultural variables in the theories and studies.

The pleasantness of the studies under review, i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy perspectives, did not take into account the dominant mental strategies and did not incorporate structural components in their conclusions (Zamboni et al., 2021). That has restricted the generalizability of such treatments to several population groups, especially where the ideal of culture can be heterogeneous in intellectual health and alcohol and drug use, and treatment. Similarly, much of the population being studied had taken place in Western environments and might have left out culturally specific risk factors, coping mechanisms, and support systems established in non-Western populations. The overall problem documented for the effective concept and study of substance abuse is the unavailability of large and contextually meaningful samples and contextual studies. Such obstacles must be documented and overcome in an effort to achieve a more culturally relevant and traditional manner of preventing and treating substance abuse.

Ethical Considerations

Confidentiality is also one of the primary ethical issues that are encountered in the management of substance use, according to APA ethical ultra-cutting-edge four.01 (keeping Confidentiality) (practical et al., 2024). Psychologists do have an obligation to maintain the Confidentiality of clients so that whatever is disclosed to them can be unbreakable and will not be disclosed in situations other than with their informed consent. That particularly holds true for drug-dependent people who don’t choose certain humans to get informed about this and who may become treated like a criminal or persecuted socially because of the use of pills. Secrecy enables the clients to feel safe and comfortable talking about their issues, and that they’re paying courtesy rather than fearing that the realities will become revealed. Such as a young adult male who does not want to seek aid due to being afraid of being judged or stigmatized by peers or the workplace will be more comfortable disclosing drug use in a setting where complete Confidentiality is guaranteed. Psychologists have to be careful about following this rule, particularly when treating vulnerable populations who are already faced with gargantuan barriers to care. Another ethical duty that is great is Competence, defined by means of APA ethical trend 2.01 (barriers of Competence) (Mette & Rowan, 2024).

Psychologists ought to work within their training and fields of strength and gain similar training or supervision at a comparable time, beset by issues such as co-experiencing intellectual fitness issues, addiction, or trauma. Younger males have a large number of drug abuse, and this accompanies some of the social and intellectual well-being indicators, as well as depression, poverty, peer stress, and tension. It’s too on that account that experts ought to if you want to attend those events with an overabundance of cognizance and sensitiveness. For instance, if a counselor discovers that a client’s drug addiction is a product of unresolved underlying tension, illness (PTSD), or cultural bias, they are bound by their code of ethics to seek advice from or refer the purchaser to an expert. This commitment to competency helps facilitate the transfer of successful and ethical workouts to clients in order to be able to offer breathtaking treatment and healing without harming.

Conclusion

Addiction to drugs by younger women or males is a complicated phenomenon with psychological, social, and environmental origins, as can be understood from rival theories and empirical data. The paper cited applying the quality and amount of the hassle, the result of the neglect of the treatment of the disease, the functions of biopsychosocial and social theories of research, and the meta-evaluation of peer-reviewed articles to the treatment measures, the population, and the etiology of the disease. Cultural and ethical problems had been addressed as a way of obtaining the gold most prevalent mode of addressing such drug addiction among such a populace. Such addressing of trouble is of extreme significance no longer solely for the sake of advancing the wellbeing of such directly affected, but rather to assist its far-reaching consequences, such as misdirected healthcare systems, broken families, and lost productivity. Some of the most significant signs and symptoms of success of an eventual solution will most likely include fewer relapses, improved intellectual and physical health outcomes, higher treatment involvement, and more stalwart network support systems. Identifying and addressing the specialized requirements of young adult men with drug use is a critical step along the course of long-term recovery and community wellbeing.

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