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Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

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According to Galanis et al. (2022), nurses experience high levels of stress, mental problems, and burnout while practicing in various care settings. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden while other factors such as work environment and social and socio-demographic factors affect this burnout. Effective stress management measures and increased access to mental health services have been established in light of the multidimensional causes of stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion among nurses. This paper presents a discussion of quantitative research and appraisal of quantitative studies on the effect of stress management on the nurses’ burnout rates, care, and patient outcomes. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

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Describing Quantitative Research           

Quantitative research is a research approach that focuses on gathering numerical data and analyzing it to find trends and patterns. This type of research is often used in social and natural sciences as it allows for a more objective and systematic examination of phenomena. Quantitative research can also be used to test hypotheses, which is an important step in scientific inquiry. Overall, quantitative research is valuable because it allows for a more precise understanding of complex phenomena.

The current POI is the high burnout rates among nurses. The quantitative data that I would collect related to the POI include the incidence of burnout among the nurses, major factors causing burnout, major symptoms of burnout, effects of the burnout on nurses’ performance, and major relieving measures. To collect the quantitative data related to the high burnout rate among nurses, I would survey nurses using a questionnaire. The questions will guide nurses to state their experiences with burnout, including monthly incidence and its effects on their nursing care performance.

Another way would be to collect data on burnout symptoms, such as feeling overwhelmed, experiencing a lack of energy, or feeling like you can’t cope. It would also be helpful to collect data on factors contributing to burnout, such as working conditions, workload, and management styles. Finally, I would track the incidence of burnout over time to identify any patterns. Quantitative data on the incidence of burnout would be collected by surveying nurses, tracking burnout symptoms, collecting data on work conditions and workload, and interviewing managers. Collecting this information would help identify the causes of the high burnout rate among nurses. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Article Discussion

Purpose, Research Design, and Methodology

Alkhawaldeh et al. (2020) purposed to evaluate the impact of stress management interventions in reducing stress among nurses and improving their coping strategies. The research design used in the study was randomization and control with double-blinding. The methodology of the study by Alkhawaldeh et al. (2020) involved clustering randomization of the sample population into control and intervention groups in eight comprehensive hospitals in Amman, Jordan. The eight hospitals were randomized into two control and intervention groups, with four hospitals each. The cluster-randomized control involved 170 nurses, while data collection occurred through Nursing Stress Scale and Brief COPE. Data collection occurred thrice between MARCH 2019 and August 2019. Data analysis occurred through repeated measure NAOVA, chi-squares, and independent t-test. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

The study by Aryankhesal et al. (2019) provided comprehensive information about reducing turnout among nurses and physicians working in various hospital settings. The research design used was a systematic review of studies. To obtain relevant studies, Aryankhesal et al. (2019) searched the following online databases: Cochrane Central, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials and pre-and-post-test studies with interventions to manage nurses’ and physicians’’ burnout. The exclusion criteria were studies conducted among medical or nursing students, nonmedical staff, or outside the hospital setting.

Data Collection

To collect data during the RCT, Alkhawaldeh et al. (2020) had three follow-up phases to collect nurses’ information on demographic, occupational stress, and coping strategies. At the eight comprehensive healthcare facilities, the researchers performed three phases of data collection, whereby the first phase involved screening participants’ baseline, data, eligibility, and willingness. The eligible nurses in all groups responded to questionnaires taking 15-30 minutes to receive an explanation about the significance of the study, its purpose, and participants’’ rights. The second phase involved a post-implementation with data collection to evaluate the impact of the stress management program on both groups.  The third phase was a follow-up assessment after two months of completing stress reduction interventions.

To collect data during the systematic review, Aryankhesal et al. (2019) made a literature search in five online databases, namely; PubMed, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. The keywords used in the search were nurses, physicians, burnout, mental health, pre-test, post-test, hospital, depression, mental health, before-after study, randomized-controlled trial, and time series. Two researchers independently examined  the studies for titles and abstracts to include interventional studies. All search results with non-experimental studies, case reports, and studies conducted among students, book chapters, and review studies were excluded. Data extraction was done by two researchers whereby disagreements were resolved via negotiations or using a third person. The researchers assessed the quality of each article using a critical appraisal checklist. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

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Concepts of Validity and Reliability

The validity of study findings is the extent to which the study results are true and accurate. Validity is important because it determines whether the study’s results can be trusted and used to inform practice. Reliability in a study refers to the consistency of the results. For a study to be considered reliable, the results must be consistent each time the study is conducted. If a study’s results are inconsistent, it may be difficult to draw any conclusions from the study. The study by Alkhawaldeh et al. (2020) is reliable because of its methodological rigor and involved peer researchers who helped review the article. In the discussion section, the researchers acknowledged that other research studies supported their study findings. Thus, it is reliable. The study by Aryankhesal et al. (2019) is reliable because it only included studies conducted in a context or with a specific population (nurses and physicians) and excluded studies conducted among students, non-medical staff, and outside the hospital setting. The systematic review reported original data contained in the study reports rather than interpretations or summaries of the data. Thus it is reliable.

Regarding the validity of the study findings, both studies demonstrated rigorous study designs, which limited bias and incorrect data. Aryankhesal et al. (2019) used a critical appraisal checklist that ensured that only quality research studies were included. Alkhawaldeh et al. (2020) used double-blinding to prevent bias from researchers or participants. Thus the measures are valid, and the results are generalizable to similar populations. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Results and Clinical Implications 

The results of the RCT revealed that occupational stress (OS) and coping strategies (CS) were significantly different between the intervention and control groups over the three phases of data collection. The results imply that a stress management program is effective in helping nurses reduce and manage stress related to their work. The systematic review revealed that most studies revealed a positive impact of stress reduction interventions on burnout reduction among nurses and physicians. The systematic review results imply that most interventions for managing stress, such as yoga, meditation, teamwork, participatory programs, and mindfulness, could help manage stress and increase mental health.

Level of Evidence and Quality of Evidence Ratings

The randomized-controlled trial belongs to evidence level I and is of high quality. According to Dang et al. (2021), studies of high quality have adequate control, generalizable results, sufficient sample, and recommendations consistent with study results, among others. Experimental studies with randomization belong to the level I of evidence. The systematic review of literature about stress management among nurses and physicians belongs to level II evidence and is of good quality. When choosing research articles to back up evidence around an intervention, level I and level II with high or good quality are most significant. A higher quality study minimizes the potential for bias and is more likely to yield accurate results. A high-level study is one that better controls for confounding variables and has a larger sample size. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Applicability to Practice and Future Research

The six aims of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are safety, efficiency, effectiveness, patient-centered, timely, and equity. All six aims are important in providing high-quality health care for all Americans. The safety aim is to ensure that patients receive the best care while minimizing potential risks. Efficiency aims to ensure that health care is delivered as efficiently as possible while providing the best care. Effectiveness aims to ensure that treatments and interventions are effective in achieving their intended outcome while minimizing adverse effects. Patient-centered aims ensure that patients have a voice in the health care system and that their needs are considered. Timely aims to ensure that health care is delivered as quickly as possible while ensuring high-quality care. Finally, equity aims to ensure that all Americans have access to quality health care, regardless of socioeconomic status. All healthcare providers must adhere to these six aims to provide the best patient experience.

The aim can be met by implementing stress management interventions for nurses in the practice setting. By addressing the individual and collective physiological responses to stress, nurses can help their patients receive safe, efficient, effective, patient-centered, timely, and equitable care. By reducing the stress in the workplace, nurses can help ensure that their patients receive quality care that meets all six aims of the I OM. In addition, stress management interventions can also help to improve overall team members’ satisfaction and productivity. Highly productive nurses will ensure patient safety and implement patient-centered care depending on the patient’s needs, values or preferences. With the management of burnout among nurses, nurses will use resources appropriately and deliver care promptly to prevent the deterioration of patient conditions. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Conclusion

Nurses experience high stress, mental problems, and burnout while practicing in various care settings. Studies reveal that stress management interventions positively influence the reduction of nurses’ burnout. Therefore, implementing the interventions for nurses will improve their mental health and reduce burnout. This paper discusses the meaning of quantitative research and presents an appraisal of two quantitative studies on the effect of stress management on the nurses’ burnout rates, care, and patient outcomes Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper.

References

Alkhawaldeh, J. F. M., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Peng, O. C., Alkhawaldeh, H. M., Al‐Amer, R., & Anshasi, H. A. (2020). Stress management training program for stress reduction and coping improvement in public health nurses: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of advanced nursing76(11), 3123-3135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14506

Aryankhesal, A., Mohammadibakhsh, R., Hamidi, Y., Alidoost, S., Behzadifar, M., Sohrabi, R., & Farhadi, Z. (2019). Interventions on reducing burnout in physicians and nurses: A systematic review. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran33, 77. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.33.77

Dang, D., Dearholt, S. L., Bissett, K., Ascenzi, J., & Whalen, M. (2021). Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals: model and guidelines. Sigma Theta Tau.

Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of advanced nursing77(8), 3286-3302. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjan.14839 Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Approximate lengths of each section outlined below.

Step 1: Introduction

Write an introduction paragraph to the topic and end the paragraph with a thesis statement. The introduction should include 2-3 attention grabbing statements and end with 1 concise thesis statement that describes the overall purpose of your paper.

Step 2: Describing Quantitative Research

Describe what quantitative research is in your own words. Then discuss how and what type of Quantitative Data you would collect related to your POI. For example, if I was interested in changing a policy on pain scales in the pediatric setting, I might collect data on how many pain scales are used in the facility, what pain scores are and at what point a pain score (data) warrants medication administration to a patient and their expected level of relief. It is not necessary to include the design of a study in this section. (2-3 paragraphs or less)Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Step 3: Appraisal Tools, Studies and Matrix

Locate your 2 quantitative studies so you can appraise each separately with the tool below. Students must include: one (1) meta-analysis or systematic review AND one (1) single study, e.g. randomized control trials, quasi-experimental studies, correlation or observational studies, case control or retrospective studies, cohort studies. Mixed studies may be used for the single study, but you can NOT use it for the next assignment. Once you have found 2 different quantitative study designs as specified, complete the appraisal tool for each study using the following link. No scoping or rapid/expedited (evidence) reviews are permitted for either study. (A systematic review can be either quantitative or qualitative. A quantitative systematic review will include studies that have numerical data. A qualitative systematic review derives data from observation, interviews, or verbal interactions and focuses on the meanings and interpretations of the participants. Be sure you correctly choosing the correct type of study for this module to avoid loss of points)Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper.

Appraisal Tool -document use this tool to appraise both quantitative studies separately. Attach the completed sections to your paper or with your assignment. Download Appraisal Tool -document use this tool to appraise both quantitative studies separately. Attach the completed sections to your paper or with your assignment. Only complete the section of the tool related to the quantitative appraisal unless you have a mixed methods study in which case you will complete all sections of the tool.

Below is a copy of the same tool, but in a word document if that makes it easier for you.

Appendix E 2022 Quantitative and Qualitative tool-2.docx Download Appendix E 2022 Quantitative and Qualitative tool-2.docx

Follow all the steps carefully as the tool will guide you which step to move to in each section of the tool.
Review this video link to help you complete the tool: “How to complete the appraisal” (Links to an external site.)Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper
Creating an Evidence Matrix

Create an evidence matrix of the 2 appraisal studies for this assignment. There is an example provided to you below. Include both studies used in the appraisal from this paper on the matrix. Keep this matrix as it will be used on the following paper as well AND NU 611 if you are in the DNP track, so be sure to put it in a safe place that you will be able to easily find again. The matrix determine if students can identify the study design, methodology, findings, results, limitations, level of evidence. The matrix should be included as an appendix OR you may upload as a separate attachment if needed. Use the link below to complete. You can save the document as a pdf, use the edit function to fill in or handwrite and scan back into the assignment area.

Appendix G 2022 Matrix-1.pdf Download Appendix G 2022 Matrix-1.pdf Appendix G 2022 Matrix-2.docx Download Appendix G 2022 Matrix-2.docx (microsoft word version) you will need to complete the matrix for this assignment

Matrix Example : Download Matrix Example :This is an example of how to complete the matrix.
SUBMISSION:
You will need to submit your 2 studies, completed appraisal tools and completed matrix (with each quantitative study included on it) along with your assignment. The documents may be submitted separately or merged to the paper. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper
Step 4: Article Discussion

Use the information from your appraisal tool to discuss in detail (2-3 pages) the following information for each study:

Purpose , research design and methodology (steps, procedures and strategies for gathering and analyzing data) used in each study
Data Collection describing the procedures developed to guide the collection of data in each study
Concepts of validity, reliability and other related terms that are applicable to each study. A full discussion of the terms and support directly from each study is expected. Use the text book required readings to assist with this section.
Results and clinical implications
Level of evidence and quality of evidence ratings (according to tool). Discuss what the level and quality ratings mean in relation to strength of the evidence and decision to sue (or not use) this information to guide practice. You need to fully support this section from evidence in the study and other resources. Understanding the levels of evidence tells you about the type of study performed, design, methods, etc. and if those findings should be applied to your own practice area. Grade of Recommendation is important because it helps you make a judgement about the quality of evidence; together they impact the decision about implementation into practice. Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper
The following tool can be used to help you determine strength and quality, but this information is also listed directly on the tool.

John Hopkins Evidence Rating Scale Download John Hopkins Evidence Rating Scale

Other helpful links to understanding this information can be found in the required and recommended resources.

Step 5: Applicability to Practice and Future Research

Discuss how the two studies may influence your practice by supporting how the findings can influence at least three (3) of the Institute of Medicine Aims: safety, efficiency, effectiveness, patient-centered, timely, and equity. You must first discuss what the aim means first. Then, show how the aim can be met through the recommendations from the article that apply to your practice setting. (1/2-1 page)Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

Step 6: Conclusion:

Provide a conclusion paragraph to the paper summarizing all main points. A conclusion should NOT state any new information that was not previously addressed in the paper. It should not re-state the purpose of your writing, but summarize the writing. Determining the main points of each section of the paper (body of text) will help you formulate your conclusion.

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Step 7: Turnitin

Be sure to submit your paper to turnitin. You do not have to submit your matrix or the appraisal tools to turnitin as they will skew your similarity report findings. If this happens, please just let your instructor know and re-submit the paper without those items.

See Rubric for specific directions on Scholarship deductions. Page limit: 6 pages, excluding the title page, reference page and any attachments or appendices

References: 2 studies that you used in the appraisal and at least 2 additional peer reviewed references; text books should be used to support findings. All sources should be current no older than 5 yrs.

Order of Paper for FINAL SUBMISSION of Paper: Title page, paper, references, appendices OR attachments. Documents must be uploaded to the assignment area as a Microsoft Word OR Adobe PDF Quantitative Appraisal Research Paper

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