The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper

The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper

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Reading the post-In-depth, I concur that diabetes mellitus is a medical condition affecting many people globally. Etiologically diabetes mellitus occurs from the inability of the pancreas to secrete enough or no insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. Alternative drug treatments and patient education are crucial in managing diabetes mellitus. Amidst different types of diabetes mellitus, for instance, type 1, 2, juvenile diabetes, and gestational diabetes, alternative treatment modalities vary. I concur with the post that metformin is the most available drug to manage diabetes mellitus. Patients ought to be counseled effectively on the side effects of metformin The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper.

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Besides the use of metformin, alternative drug treatment modalities for managing diabetes mellitus include; insulin, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor inhibitors. DPP-4 inhibitors, also termed gliptins, aid in preventing the breakdown of the hormone GLP-1, enabling the body to produce more insulin and thus regulating blood sugar levels. GLP-1 receptor inhibitors increase insulin production, reducing blood sugar levels and decreasing glucagon production (American Diabetes Association, 2018)The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper. Insulin hormone is an essential treatment of diabetes mellitus in scenarios where the pancreas fails to secrete insulin completely. However, the insulin hormone regulates blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity.

Apart from adherence to medical management of diabetes mellitus, patient education is an essential factor in management. Patient education strategies for treating and managing diabetes are not limited to; advice on lifestyle changes, for instance, performing exercises, monitoring dietary changes, and ceasing smoking and drinking alcohol. Patients should also be educated on the significance of monitoring their blood sugar levels (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021.)The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper. Knowing if one is at risk for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia is essential. Additionally, patients should be educated about the side effects of diabetic medications and the need for medication therapy adherence. Finally, since patients with diabetes mellitus go for follow-up, they should be educated on the importance of attending regular diabetic clinic days for easier management of blood sugar levels.

References

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415)

Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424)

American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes Links to an external site.—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf

Respond to the post below by Providing recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management. Be Specific and explicit with alternative drug treatments and management in your response. Need 2 References

References:

• Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants(2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415)
  • Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424)
• American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes Links to an external site.—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper

This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes.

 Discussion Post

Diabetes Mellitus

Known as diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases that affects a person’s body usage of glucose/sugar (de Sousa et al., 2020). Glucose provides body cells with energy. There are different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, juvenile and gestational diabetes. This discussion responds to differences between the types of diabetes, treatment including drugs and dietary options, and the impact of drugs used in treating the identified diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the patient’s pancreas doesn’t make insulin, meaning he has to take insulin. The condition affects kids and young adults though it can occur at any age. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is more common than type 1. Occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body does not use the produced insulin well (American Diabetes Association, 2018)The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper. In comparison, it affects mostly adults and is increasing among children. There is gestational diabetes, also known as diabetes in pregnancy. It gets to some pregnant women, which ends once the baby is born. However, it can contribute to type 2 diabetes. Finally, there is juvenile diabetes which is more like type 1 diabetes and is recognized as insulin-dependent diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diabetes in the world, raising concern among healthcare stakeholders such as clinicians and government agencies. Recognized as a lifestyle condition, this type of diabetes is contributed by people’s eating habits. Both medication and nonmedication practices have been devised to address the problem. According to Rosenthal & Burchum (2021), the most used drugs include metformin tablets. Comes in two tables tie, 500mg and 850 mg, whereby the 500mg is taken twice a day while the 850mg is taken once daily. Regarding non-medicinal intervention, include dietary plans whereby patients are encouraged to consume whole grain meals, nuts, fruits, and vegetables while avoiding highly processed foods such as fast foods and sugary and salty foods.

Using the metformin drug in treating the disease can have diverse side effects on the user. However, the extent of the side effects varies from one patient to another. Type 2 diabetes may have short- and long-term effects on the patients. Short time includes hypoglycemia, also known as very low glucose in the blood, and hyperosmolar or high blood glucose (Serbis et al., 2021)The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper. In the long term, type 2 diabetes can cause kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and macrovascular problems.

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References

American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdfLinks to an external site.

de Sousa, M. C., Malaquias, B. S. S., Chavaglia, S. R. R., Ohl, R. I. B., de Paula, F.,Fernandes Silva, da Silva, K. S., & Santos, Á. d. S. (2020). Self-efficacy in elderly with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 3, 73, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0980Links to an external site.

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2^nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Serbis, A., Giapros, V., Kotanidou, E. P., Galli-Tsinopoulou, A., & Siomou, E. (2021, April 15). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. World Journal of Diabetes, 12(4), 344–365. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344Links to an external site. The Diabetes Mellitus Discussion Paper