The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion

The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion

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The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of tuberculosis, pneumonia, and COVID-19

According to Yao et al. (2020), Tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia, and COVID-19 are all respiratory conditions that affect the lungs and cause symptoms like coughing, fever, and breathlessness. Their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment, differ substantially The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion

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Pathophysiology

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis that predominantly infects the lungs but may also affect other body parts. Yao et al. (2020) indicate that whenever an infected individual sneezes or coughs, the other individual breathes the bacteria, and the disease propagates through the air. Luciani et al. (2020) indicate that pathogens like parasites, viruses, bacteria, and fungi cause pneumonia. Upon reaching the lungs, the pathogens lead to inflammation of the lung tissue. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19 that majorly infects the respiratory tract but may additionally cause systemic health problems (Luciani et al., 2020)The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion.

Clinical Manifestations

Tuberculosis usually manifests as night sweats, chronic cough, weight loss, and chest pain. The disease can spread to other body regions in complex instances, causing signs like loss of appetite, chills, and fatigue. Pneumonia symptoms include coughing, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. COVID-19 symptoms include body aches, cough, shortness of breath, fever, loss of taste or smell, headache, and fatigue, ranging from mild to severe. COVID-19 might cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, and multiple organ failure in severe forms (Yao et al., 2020)The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion

Evaluation

Tuberculin skin test, physical examination, sputum culture,  and chest X-ray are frequently used to diagnose tuberculosis. Physical examination, chest X-ray, and laboratory tests, including sputum cultures and blood tests, are used to diagnose pneumonia. A swift antigen test or a PCR test that detects the genetic makeup of COVID-19 is employed to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

Tuberculosis is managed through antibiotics like pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and rifampin for six to nine months. Luciani et al. (2020) indicate that antifungal medicines, antivirals, and antibiotics can be prescribed to treat pneumonia, depending on the root of the infection. COVID-19 therapy involves supportive care like oxygen therapy and anti-fever and anti-inflammatory medications. Antiviral medications like remdesivir and immunomodulatory medications like corticosteroids can be administered in severe cases The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion.

Conclusion

To conclude, respiratory disorders, including TB, pneumonia, and COVID-19, all exhibit similar symptoms but different etiologies, assessments, and therapies. Accurate diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are essential to manage such diseases and limit their spread.

References

Luciani, M., Bentivegna, E., Spuntarelli, V., Amoriello Lamberti, P., Guerritore, L., Chiappino, D., & Sesti, G. (2020). Coinfection of tuberculosis pneumonia and COVID-19 in a patient vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG): a case report. SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2, 2419-2422.

Yao, Z., Chen, J., Wang, Q., Liu, W., Zhang, Q., Nan, J., Huang, H., Wu, Y., Li, L., Liang, L., You, L., Liu, Y., & Yu, H. (2020). Three Patients with COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Wuhan, China, January-February 2020. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(11), 2755–2758. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.201536 The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion

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Week 6 Discussion

Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:

• Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of asthma.  Include recommendations from the USDHHS 2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines Links to an external site..
• Compare the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of tuberculosis, pneumonia, and COVID-19.

Use at least one scholarly source besides your textbook to connect your response to national guidelines and evidence-based research to support your ideas The Respiratory Disorders Essay Discussion