Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion

Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion

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Introduction

Behavioral health policies are geared towards improving the mental health of the community members and may include advocacy, health promotion, treatment, and disease prevention. These policies intersect because they influence each other. For example, advocacy policies to increase funding for behavioural health research and facilities increases treatment access and improve outcomes. The systemic stigma around behavioural health may be characterized as fewer mental health than in other facilities. In this regard, policies on a systemic stigma will increase the stakeholders’ awareness of the problem and guide their decision-making towards equitable resource allocation Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion.

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Literature Review

Researchers have found that systemic stigma exists in healthcare facilities and among health professionals, creating barriers to healthcare. According to Knaak et al. (2017), mental health patients feel stigmatized when healthcare providers exclude the from decisions, give incomplete information about their condition, make them wait unnecessarily long to receive care, and use dismissive language. Health professionals may behave this way due to unconscious bias, pessimism regarding the possibility of recovery, incompetence, and organizational culture. Health professionals, like others in society, may hold the inaccurate belief that mental illness patients are. Anticipated stigma reduces the patient’s willingness to visit health facilities for treatment and follow-up, resulting in poor outcomes (Knaak et al. (2017). Policies on health professional education may improve how they handle patients. Per Nyblade et al. (2019), dialectical behavioral therapy effectively improved health professional conduct and attitudes towards mental health patients. This research can be applied to practice through policy whereby stakeholders require all health professionals to undergo the program before interacting with patients.

Apart from implementing education policies for health professionals, health facilities should enforce federal policies in the workplace. The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discriminatory treatment against differently-abled individuals, including those with mental illness. Institutional discrimination is punishable by law as the act states that people with disabilities have equal opportunities with other community members. The Louisiana state took this policy to the next level by enacting The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (Louisiana Department of Health, 2022). The law prevernts insurance companies from reudcing the healthcare benefits for mental health services. Other states have enacted similar mental health funding such as the California’s Mental Health Services Act. The law addresses institutional discrimination by providing adequate funding to run health facilities. A study conducted by Zimmerman et al. (2021)Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion, conducted between 2007 and 2015 found that the mortality rates associated with suicides and mental illness reduced significantly after the MHSA’s enactment. This research shows that heslthcare reform policies make a difference in the patients’ lives.

Interview

	Interviewee’s Response	Interviewer’s Comment(s)
What is your view on state behavioral health laws such as the ones enacted by Louisiana and California?	I believe that the mental health sector could benefit significantly from laws and policies that advocate for the patient’s access to equitable and non-discriminatory healthcare. Indeed, other states can emulate these two states and enact such a law to fund mental healthcare because it could make a difference in the well-being, productivity, and quality of life of the patient.	Mental health underfunding is a global problem affecting developed and first-world nations. Unless the policy makers have first-hand experience with mental and behavioral health challenges, they seldom prioritize these agendas (Mahomed, 2020)Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion. Therefore, it is necessary to have advocacy laws to hold the stakeholders accountable.
Research shows that behavioral policies improve outcomes. What do you think are the barriers preventing the implementation of these policies in every state and health facility?	The research on the impact of behavioral health policies on suicide rates and overall mental-health-related mortality rates is compelling. Two inter-related challenges that affect policy implementation are awareness and funding. On the one hand, stakeholders may be unaware of these policies’ existence even though they see a gap in healthcare delivery. On the other hand, policy implementation requires funding because facilities should train employees and assess its implementation and outcomes. Without adequate funding, health facilities may not reach their goals.	Overall, mental health advocates can increase funding by increasing awareness through campaigns and one-on-one interactions with key decision-makers and influencers.
What is your title and role in the political arena?	I am responsible for policy making and implementation in the health education sector.	Education is relevant to policy implementation as professionals need the training to understand, implement and evaluate policies.
What responsibilities do you have related to health care policy?	I am an advocate of mental and behavioral health behavior agenda setting. I achieve this goal by engaging relevant stakeholders.
Are these responsibilities at the state or national level?	I perform directly at the state level and indirectly in the national sphere through influence.	State and national advocacy can occur through networks.

Point Support

I agree with the interviewee’s point of view on the importance of behavioural health policy making, implementation and funding. Indeed, mental and behavioural health research, programs, initiatives, and interventions are underfunded, with healthcare providers and stakeholders prioritizing other healthcare. According to Mahomed (2020), information on the amounts donated and the funded activities remain scant. In 2014, only 40 nations worldwide reported on their mental health programs and funding. Although the number increased to 70 in 2012, this percentage is less than 50%, considering the world comprises about 195 countries Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion.

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References

Knaak, S., Mantler, E., & Szeto, A. (2017). Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. Healthcare management forum, 30(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470416679413

Louisiana Department of Health (2022). Behavioural Health. Louisiana Department of Health. https://ldh.la.gov/page/2809

Mahomed F. (2020). Addressing the Problem of Severe Underinvestment in Mental Health and Well-Being from a Human Rights Perspective. Health and human rights, 22(1), 35–49. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7348439/

Nyblade, L., Stockton, M. A., Giger, K., Bond, V., Ekstrand, M. L., Lean, R. M., … & Wouters, E. (2019). Stigma in health facilities: why it matters and how we can change it. BMC medicine, 17(1), 1-15. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1256-2

Zimmerman, S. C., Matthay, E. C., Rudolph, K. E., Goin, D. E., Farkas, K., Rowe, C. L., & Ahern, J. (2021). California’s Mental Health Services Act and Mortality Due to Suicide, Homicide, and Acute Effects of Alcohol: A Synthetic Control Application. American journal of epidemiology, 190(10), 2107-2115. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab123 Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion

Healthcare Reform

Introduction

Behavioural health policies are geared towards improving the mental health of the community members and may include advocacy, health promotion, treatment, and disease prevention. These policies intersect because they influence each other. For example, advocacy policies to increase funding for behavioural health research and facilities increases treatment access and improve outcomes. The systemic stigma around behavioural health may be characterized as fewer mental health than in other facilities. In this regard, policies on a systemic stigma will increase the stakeholders’ awareness of the problem and guide their decision-making towards equitable resource allocation.

Literature Review

Apart from implementing education policies for health professionals, health facilities should enforce federal policies in the workplace. The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discriminatory treatment against differently-abled individuals, including those with mental illness. Institutional discrimination is punishable by law as the act states that people with disabilities have equal opportunities with other community members. California state took this policy to the next level by enacting California’s Mental Health Services Act in 2004. The law addresses institutional discrimination by providing adequate funding to run health facilities. In the past, many mental health facilities were shut down in California due to insufficient funding. A study conducted by Zimmerman et al. (2021)Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion, conducted between 2007 and 2015 found that the mortality rates associated with suicides and mental illness reduced significantly after the MHSA’s enactment.

Interview

	Interviewee’s Response	Interviewer’s Comment(s)
What is your view on behavioral health laws such as California’s Mental Health Services Act?	I believe that the mental health sector could benefit significantly from laws and policies that advocate for the patient’s access to equitable and non-discriminatory healthcare. Indeed, other states can emulate California and enact such a law to fund mental healthcare because it could make a difference in the well-being, productivity, and quality of life of the patient.	Mental health underfunding is a global problem affecting developed and first-world nations. Unless the policy makers have first-hand experience with mental and behavioral health challenges, they seldom prioritize these agendas (Mahomed, 2020). Therefore, it is necessary to have advocacy laws to hold the stakeholders accountable.
Research shows that behavioral policies improve outcomes. What do you think are the barriers preventing the implementation of these policies in every state and health facility?	The research on the impact of behavioral health policies on suicide rates and overall mental-health-related mortality rates is compelling. Two inter-related challenges that affect policy implementation are awareness and funding. On the one hand, stakeholders may be unaware of these policies’ existence even though they see a gap in healthcare delivery. On the other hand, policy implementation requires funding because facilities should train employees and assess its implementation and outcomes. Without adequate funding, health facilities may not reach their goals.	Overall, mental health advocates can increase funding by increasing awareness through campaigns and one-on-one interactions with key decision-makers and influencers.
What is your title and role in the political arena?	I am responsible for policy making and implementation in the health education sector.	Education is relevant to policy implementation as professionals need the training to understand, implement and evaluate policies.
What responsibilities do you have related to health care policy?	I am an advocate of mental and behavioral health behavior agenda setting. I achieve this goal by engaging relevant stakeholders.
Are these responsibilities at the state or national level?	I perform directly at the state level and indirectly in the national sphere through influence.	State and national advocacy can occur through networks.

Point Support

I agree with the interviewee’s point of view on the importance of behavioral health policy making, implementation and funding. Indeed, mental and behavioural health research, programs, initiatives, and interventions are underfunded, with healthcare providers and stakeholders prioritizing other healthcare. According to Mahomed (2020), information on the amounts donated and the funded activities remain scant. In 2014, only 40 nations worldwide reported on their mental health programs and funding. Although the number increased to 70 in 2012, this percentage is less than 50%, considering the world comprises about 195 countries Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion.

References

Paper Guidelines: Issues in Healthcare Reform Interview

Each paper should demonstrate scholarly writing and use of appropriate references as applicable. A MINIMUM of 3 references from peer-reviewed journals is required; more is better. The format of this paper should conform to the specifications in the publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.)Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion.

Logical flow, clarity of presentation, correct grammatical structure, and correct spelling should be evident throughout. The paper should be proofread and free of typographical errors. If problems in any of these areas exist in the paper, points will be deducted.

The length of the paper should be at least 3-4 pages, typed in Times New Roman 12-point font. Length refers to the text and does not include the title page or the reference page(s). Use one-inch margins top, bottom, left, and right. Use double-spacing only. Write in paragraph form, using the guidelines for headings in the APA manual (page 62). Do not use direct quotes, paraphrase with the proper in-text citation instead. Write objectively, not subjectively (no opinion, but fact). Use the sections of the rubric as headings for this paper. Pay attention to the percentage of the grade for each heading and use that as a guide for emphasis in each section.

Upload the paper with the link provided on the home page of Moodle for NURS 581-681 by the date indicated on the Schedule of Assignments.

Interview Topic

Identify a state or national politician, policy maker, or policy maker’s aide (state representative or legislator, senator, congressman, governor, aide, etc.) whom you would like to interview regarding current issues in health care reform. If you are unsure if the individual selected meets these qualifications, please contact the instructor for approval.

As soon as possible, contact the individual’s office to request a meeting. Keep in mind that it may be difficult to schedule an appointment, so plan accordingly. Students may conduct the interview in person or by phone. Be sensitive to the fact that these folks have busy schedules and plan on limiting the interview to 30 minutes Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion.

Review the PowerPoint from AARP prior to the meeting.

To prepare for this interview, students should ask themselves the following questions:
• What health care policy issue is important to me personally?
• What health care policy issue do I want to bring to this person’s attention?
• Where does this health care policy issue stand in terms of the public’s agenda?

With this in mind, develop a list of questions for the interview that relate to the health care policy issue that you have selected. In addition, students may wish to include general questions related to health care reform for a comprehensive review, for example:
• What are your constituents most concerned about regarding health care reform?
• What trade-offs are associated with recent health care reform policy?

Begin this paper with an introductory section that describes the particular health care policy issue that is of interest to you and why. Next, include a brief review of the literature that summarizes the particular health care policy issue that you have selected (scholarly references are required for this section). Then address the “interview” items listed below, along with any questions that you developed for the interview session. It is recommended that the “interview” section be completed in table format. The table should consist of three columns and an example is provided below.

Question Interviewee’s Response Interviewer’s Comment(s)
What is your position regarding patient-centered medical homes? Personally, I support patient-centered medical homes. This model focuses on treating the patient holistically within one health care system and patients receive care from a team of providers that believe in the importance of continuity of care. The focus of the patient-centered medical home is to provide holistic medical care using a team approach. With the current shortage of primary care providers, the PCMHH seems to be a perfect fit for nurse practitioners.
One major disadvantage of this model is the initial cost investment. What would you propose to offset this expense? This model requires a large staff to accomplish the coordination required for a true PCMHM and the implementation of the electronic medical record may deter providers from joining the PCMH movement. Despite the upfront costs, the model has long term cost savings projection. N/A
*Adopted with permission from a previously submitted student paper

Interview questions that must be addressed: Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion
• What is the interviewee’s title and role in the political arena?
• What responsibilities do they have related to health care policy?
• Are these responsibilities at the state or national level?
• All additional questions developed for this interview by the student.

Criteria for Evaluation

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1. Introduction: Introduce the health care policy issue that you have selected and state why you feel it is significant.
2. Literature Review: Review of the literature regarding the state of the science related to the selected health care policy issue.
3. Interview: Interview questions, responses, and comments (table format).
4. Point/Counterpoint: Do you agree with the interviewee’s stance regarding the selected health care policy issue?
• If so, why (provide scholarly information to support your point of view)?
• If not, provide scholarly information that supports your counterpoint of view.
o Outline a strategic plan to persuade the interviewee of the importance of your point of view regarding this issue.
5. Please refer to the course syllabus for the late/incomplete assignment policy. Healthcare Reform Assignment Discussion

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