Case Studies and Examples of Healthcare Law and Ethics Covered in BHA-FPX3003

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Case Studies and Examples of Healthcare Law and Ethics Covered in BHA-FPX3003

Introduction

The healthcare industry is governed by a complex web of laws, regulations, and ethical standards that ensure patient safety, professional accountability, and organizational compliance. Understanding how these principles operate in real-world contexts is vital for healthcare leaders and administrators.

BHA-FPX3003: Health Care Law and Ethics at Capella University introduces students to the legal and ethical dimensions of healthcare through interactive coursework, applied analysis, and real-world case studies. These case studies provide invaluable insights into how healthcare professionals can navigate legal issues, resolve ethical dilemmas, and uphold professional integrity in diverse healthcare settings.

1. Case Study: Patient Rights and Informed Consent

Scenario

A patient scheduled for a major surgery feels pressured to sign the consent form without fully understanding the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the procedure. Later, the patient experiences complications and claims that consent was not fully informed.

Legal Issues

This case explores informed consent, a foundational legal requirement in healthcare. Under U.S. law, healthcare providers must ensure that patients voluntarily consent to treatment after receiving adequate information about the procedure.

Ethical Issues

Ethically, the scenario highlights the principle of autonomy, which emphasizes a patient’s right to make independent decisions about their own body and treatment.

Student Learning Application

Students in BHA-FPX3003 learn to:

• Evaluate consent forms and policies for legal compliance.

• Develop communication strategies that promote patient understanding.

• Implement staff training to ensure ethical standards are met in consent procedures.

This case reinforces the importance of transparency, respect, and legal accountability in patient-provider relationships.

2. Case Study: Confidentiality and HIPAA Violations

Scenario

A nurse accidentally emails a patient’s health record to the wrong recipient. The breach is reported to the hospital compliance office, prompting an internal investigation and possible fines.

Legal Issues

This scenario involves HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) violations related to patient privacy and data protection. Under HIPAA, unauthorized disclosure of protected health information (PHI) can result in serious penalties.

Ethical Issues

Ethically, the case examines the principles of confidentiality and trust—two core elements of the healthcare provider-patient relationship.

Student Learning Application

In BHA-FPX3003, students analyze how to:

• Strengthen privacy policies and IT security systems.

• Develop response protocols for data breaches.

• Educate staff about patient confidentiality and secure communication practices.

The case emphasizes that legal compliance and ethical vigilance go hand-in-hand in maintaining public trust.

3. Case Study: Medical Malpractice and Professional Liability

Scenario

A patient receives the wrong dosage of medication due to a charting error, leading to severe side effects and hospitalization. The patient sues the hospital for negligence.

Legal Issues

The scenario demonstrates medical malpractice—when a healthcare provider’s failure to meet professional standards results in patient harm. It also examines the concept of vicarious liability, where an organization may be held responsible for the actions of its employees.

Ethical Issues

Ethically, this case highlights the principles of nonmaleficence (“do no harm”) and justice, focusing on fairness, accountability, and responsibility in healthcare practice.

Student Learning Application

Students learn to:

• Identify legal risk areas in clinical operations.

• Develop risk management strategies and safety protocols.

• Conduct root-cause analyses to prevent recurrence.

By understanding this case, students recognize that effective leadership and policy design are crucial to reducing errors and protecting patients.

4. Case Study: End-of-Life Decision-Making

Scenario

A terminally ill patient refuses further treatment and requests palliative care, while the family insists on continuing aggressive interventions.

Legal Issues

The case involves advance directives, living wills, and patients’ rights to refuse treatment, as protected under federal and state laws.

Ethical Issues

Ethically, this situation explores the tension between autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence—respecting patient wishes while ensuring compassionate and appropriate care.

Student Learning Application

In BHA-FPX3003, students practice how to:

• Facilitate ethical discussions among families and care teams.

• Ensure legal documentation supports patient decisions.

• Balance moral duties with legal responsibilities.

This case teaches future healthcare administrators to lead with empathy while upholding ethical and legal integrity in emotionally charged situations.

5. Case Study: Resource Allocation During a Healthcare Crisis

Scenario

A hospital experiences a shortage of ventilators during a public health emergency. Leaders must decide which patients receive priority for limited resources.

Legal Issues

This scenario deals with public health law, emergency response policies, and crisis standards of care established by state and federal regulations.

Ethical Issues

Ethical decision-making in this context involves justice and utilitarianism—ensuring fairness, transparency, and maximizing benefits for the greatest number of people.

Student Learning Application

Students are guided to:

• Develop ethical frameworks for crisis management.

• Evaluate resource distribution policies.

• Communicate ethically sound decisions to patients and staff.

This case highlights how healthcare administrators must balance legal requirements, ethical reasoning, and community well-being under extreme pressure.

6. Case Study: Conflicts of Interest in Healthcare Administration

Scenario

A hospital executive approves a contract with a company owned by a family member without disclosing the relationship, leading to questions about transparency.

Legal Issues

This scenario involves conflict of interest laws, organizational ethics, and potential fraud or abuse violations under federal regulations.

Ethical Issues

It emphasizes the ethical principles of integrity, accountability, and transparency in decision-making.

Student Learning Application

BHA-FPX3003 encourages students to:

• Develop organizational policies to prevent conflicts of interest.

• Promote an ethical culture of openness and fairness.

• Apply compliance frameworks to ensure regulatory adherence.

This case teaches the importance of ethical leadership and organizational governance in maintaining public trust and legal compliance.

Conclusion

BHA-FPX3003: Health Care Law and Ethics provides students with real-world perspectives on how legal frameworks and ethical standards intersect in healthcare practice. Through case studies on informed consent, confidentiality, malpractice, end-of-life care, resource allocation, and organizational ethics, students gain the ability to:

• Interpret and apply healthcare laws accurately.

• Resolve ethical dilemmas using structured decision-making frameworks.

• Develop policies that uphold both legal and moral standards.

• Lead healthcare organizations with accountability, fairness, and compassion.

By mastering these skills, graduates are prepared to become ethical and legally competent leaders capable of guiding healthcare institutions through today’s most pressing challenges.

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