Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment

Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment

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Alternative drug management for diabetes

Oral and injectable treatment modalities are available for treating diabetes, the former aiming at stimulating the existing insulin and the later aim at introducing exogenous insulin in the body. Blaslov at el. (2018) describes the effective treatment of diabetes as complex and requiring a multitude of interventions for successful disease management, all people with type 1 diabetes have to inject insulin, while those with type 2 diabetes usually only need insulin if treatment with tablets doesn’t reduce their blood sugar levels enough. Two different types of insulin are available: human insulin and insulin analogues; combination of insulin with oral hypoglycemic can also be used if blood sugar can’t be lowered enough by using a single treatment modality. Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment

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Insulin, according to Thota & Akbar (2021), is stored refrigerated to maintain its potency and injected using special insulin needles. Depending on the duration of action, insulin categorizes as rapid acting start their action in 5 to 15 minutes and peak in 30 minutes and duration of action is 3 to 5 hours, short-acting (regular insulin) starts the action in 30 to 40 minutes and peaks in 90 to 120 minutes and duration of action is 6 to 8 hours, intermediate-acting (NPH) start the action in 1 to 4 hours and peak in 4 to 8 hours given twice a day, and long-acting such as glargine and detemir, start action in 1 to 2 hours, given usually during the night time after meals. Their long duration of action helps in reducing the frequency of dosing throughout the day. Insulin acts by directly binding to its receptors on the plasma membranes of the cells that are abundant in hepatocyte and adipocytes, by binding it activates second messenger system that eventually causes the translocation of glucose transporters from the cytoplasm to the cell’s surface, allowing the influx of glucose from the blood into the cell, thus reducing the blood glucose levels. Insulin can cause side effect like profound hypoglycemia and patient need to be well educated on sites to inject and technique which if not well adhered to may result in decreased compliance Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment .

Health Education Strategies

Lifelong treatment success is based on active involvement of patients in managing their own health. Zhang & Chu (2018) describe systematic health education as individual education not only during hospitalization but also extended care outside hospital, with an aim of supporting informed decision-making, problem-solving, active collaboration with the health education team, and self-care behaviors as well as to improve clinical outcomes, quality of life, and health status, the health education can be delivered as group session, telemedicine or one on one session Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment .

References

Thota S., & Akbar A. (2021). Insulin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560688/

Blaslov, K., Naranđa, F. S., Kruljac, I., & Renar, I. P. (2018). Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes: Past, present and future. World journal of diabetes, 9(12), 209. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i12.209.

Zhang, Y., & Chu, L. (2018). Effectiveness of systematic health education model for type 2 diabetes patients. International journal of endocrinology, 2018 Diabetes And Drug Treatments Essay Assignment

Type of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of inadequate control of blood glucose levels. Sapra at el. (2018). Describe it being either due to inadequate insulin production, ineffective insulin or both, with many sub-classifications, based on onset; type 1 presenting at childhood or adolescences, type 2 adulthood or maturity-onset, gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and steroid-induced diabetes. Type 1 and 2 DM are the main subtypes, each with different pathophysiology, presentation, and management, but both have a potential for hyperglycemia. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes occurring due to pancreases’ inability to produce or use enough insulin. The body is still able to produce insulin but it does not use it properly, while gestation diabetes occurs due to increased glucose counter- regulatory hormones like cortisone, which is the same scenario with drug- induced diabetes where counter regulatory hormones are in excess and suppress the function of insulin resulting into hyperglycemia.

Alternative drug management for diabetes

Blaslov at el. (2018) describes the effective treatment of diabetes as complex and requiring a multitude of interventions for successful disease management. Oral and injectable, treatment modalities are available for treating diabetes, the former aiming at stimulating the existing insulin and the later aim at introducing exogenous insulin in the body, all people with type 1 diabetes have to inject insulin, while those with type 2 diabetes usually only need insulin if treatment with tablets doesn’t reduce their blood sugar levels enough. Two different types of insulin are available: human insulin and insulin analogues. Human insulin and insulin analogues work equally well in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; combination of insulin with oral hypogycaemic can also be used if blood sugar can’t be lowered enough by using a single treatment modality. Insulin needs to be refrigerated to maintain its potency and injected using special insulin needles, patient need to be well educated on sites to inject and technique.

Health education strategies

Lifelong treatment success is based on active involvement of patient in managing their own health; Yongwen at el. (2018). Describes systematic health education as individual education not only during hospitalization but also extended care outside hospital, with an aim of supporting informed decision-making, problem-solving, active collaboration with the health education team, and self-care behaviors as well as to improve clinical outcomes, quality of life, and health status, the health education can be delivered as group session, telemedicine or one on one session.

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References

Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes Mellitus. [Updated 2021 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/

Blaslov K, Naranđa FS, Kruljac I, Renar IP. Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes: Past, present and future. World J Diabetes. 2018 Dec 15;9(12):209-219. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i12.209. PMID: 30588282; PMCID: PMC6304295

Yongwen , Zhang  and Lanfang Chu. Effectiveness of Systematic Health Education Model for Type 2 Diabetes Patients nt J Endocrinol. 2018; 2018: 6530607.Published online 2018 Jul 25. doi: 10.1155/2018/6530607 PMCID: PMC6083492 PMID: 30147724