NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework

• NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework.

Integrating the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior to Enhance Health Promotion in Nursing Practice

Conceptual models and theoretical frameworks are significant in nursing to offer a precise approach to describing, analyzing, and anticipating events in the discipline. These frameworks and models give the design to the nursing practice, instruction, and research to organize information and important interventions appropriately (Foroughi et al., 2022). The ongoing review examines the significance of the picked theoretical framework, the Health Belief Model (HBM). This paper expects to stress the benefit of integrating the theoretical and viable for enhancing better understanding consideration and the advancement of the nursing discipline.

Theoretical Framework: Health Belief Model (HBM)

Description of Framework/Model

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a mental model formulated during the 1950s by Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels, who worked with the U.S. Free Health Administration. The HBM was initially evolved to represent the absence of individuals in sickness avoidance and early recognition programs (Huang et al., 2020). It has expanded over the years to incorporate more than whatever was initially defined and is as of now one of the most outstanding known models to portray health-related behavior. According to the HBM, individuals’ beliefs on the states of explicit health express, the advantages of performing a specific behavior, and the dangers related to this change influence the behavior. 

Concepts and Propositions

The HBM comprises a few vital concepts and propositions that give a far-reaching understanding of health behavior.

• Seen weakness is the degree to which an individual accepts they are in danger of contracting a sickness or disease. It was laid out that the higher the apparent powerlessness, the more an individual is probably going to practice to minimize the gamble (Akther and Nur, 2022).

• The apparent seriousness connects with an individual’s view of the danger presented by a specific sickness, condition, and its ramifications. On the off chance that an individual thinks that the condition has lethal results, this individual will want to go to preventive lengths.

• In the idea of the apparent advantages, uncovering connects with the individual’s view of the viability of the encouraged activity to bring down the gamble or reality. In other words, the apparent advantages enhance the probability of the predefined behavior occurring.

• Seen hindrances are obstructions that hinder the undertaking of an action. They can be physical, like expense or time, or psychosocial, like apprehension or embarrassment. The fewer the hindrances seen, the higher the chance of performing the suggested activity by the individual (Akther and Nur, 2022).

• The sign-to-activity idea is connected with outside improvements that require explicit activities from individuals. Potential prompts might be through media or from other individuals, for example, reminder calls from a healthcare supplier.

• Self-viability was incorporated into the HBM and added later. Self-viability is defined as the degree of certainty that the individual has in acting on the behavior. Then again, higher self-viability might raise the likelihood of behavior change essentially (Moey et al., 2021).

Propositions

The HBM maintains that the apparent finding and treatment of an illness influence health behavior. This recommends that apparent weakness, seriousness, saw benefits, and saw boundaries influence the probability of engaging in health behavior.

Moreover, the model proposes that health-promoting behavior relies upon prompts for activity that enact direction and self-viability in performing the behavior. These concepts define the likelihood of practicing healthy behavior (Moey et al., 2021). Analyzing the HBM in detail shows that enhanced information on this theory will permit healthcare professionals to make better health interventions. 

Middle-Range Theory: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Description of Theory

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of Ajzen’s middle-range theories, formulated in the last part of the 1980s, given the health belief model. The theory of planned behavior has been intended to explain the persuasive factors that influence behavior by relying on intention, the most basic factor (Park and Shin, 2021). Covering perspectives and emotional norms additionally includes the thought of seen behavioral control, which offers an enhanced strategy for analyzing individuals’ choices about health behaviors. The TPB recommends that individual behavior is driven and influenced by three key factors: cliché view of the behavior, saw norms, and command over the behavior

Processes or Concepts

 In discernment, the possibilities of performing a given health behavior are probably going to be high on the off chance that the individual holding the insight feels it will have a good result (Gjicali and Lipnevich, 2021). This idea comes from the judgment that individuals have regarding the apparent assumptions of their family, companions, friends, or society regarding their behavior. If others who matter in the individual’s public activity support the behavior, the individual will have an uplifting outlook toward performing the behavior, as emphasized in NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework, which explores how these perceptions influence health behavior and decision-making.

Clinical Practice Application

The theory of planned behavior is useful for understanding and predicting health-related behaviors in clinical settings. Minimizing the hole can be accomplished by reducing the errors between intention mentalities, seeing abstract norms, seeing behavioral control of healthcare suppliers, and successful interventions to work on these areas (King et al., 2020). 

• Applying TPB in Health Promotion

For instance, with regards to a program promoting actual work among patients with ongoing sicknesses, the TPB can be useful regarding the advantages of activity, pressures, social support, and protection from exercising consistently. Assessing the progressions in these factors might assist with understanding the adequacy of the program and a portion of the issues that exist to address(Traina and Feiring, 2020). By identifying the critical determinants of health behaviors, the TPB gives the premise to assessing health results and improving clinical administration. For instance, the degree of consistency with prescription might be improved by perspectives, social support, and control in patients with constant ailments.

Analysis of Middle-Range Theory and Conceptual Model

Attributes of Conceptual Model

The HBM and TPB are useful in understanding The HBM and TPB help understand health behavior, but both theories provide it slightly differently. The HBM simply pays attention to the perceived characteristics of the people regarding a specific health state. While the TPB underlines the concept of intention and perceived behavioral control (Qiao et al., 2021). Some aspects of the HBM can be identified within the TPB demonstrating that both frameworks are related and interdependent.

• Comparing HBM and TPB

Firstly, the HBM, perceived susceptibility, and severity are core to knowing why the individual is encouraged to undertake certain health behaviors. The TPB also uses these ideas in its construct of attitudes. Susceptibility and severity are best encompassed in the definition of attitudes in that they are an individual’s belief about the consequences of a behavior. For instance, a person’s perception of exercising may be affected by their perceived probability (susceptibility) and magnitude (severity) of contracting cardiovascular diseases (Qiao et al., 2021). Secondly, the perceived benefits and barriers to action in HBM correspond in some way to the attitudes toward behavior and perceived control in the TPB. 

Comparison and Contrast

Both the HBM and TPB are similar in that they are both theoretical models; they have specific differences that affect their relevance and usefulness in clinical contexts. First, it is essential to note that the HBM focuses mainly on the individual’s perceptions regarding certain health states and their outcomes (Rosenthal & Shmueli, 2021). It also explores how such beliefs determine one’s risks for performing or not performing healthy behaviors. Conversely, the TPB posits behavioral intention as the closest theoretical determinant of that behavior. 

Applicability and Utility in Clinical Practice

In clinical practice, the applicability of both the HBM and the TPB is beneficial for designing interventions and enabling change in health behaviors. However, their applicability may differ depending on the context and Type of behavior being targeted. Firstly, HBM is helpful when developing strategies to modify individual beliefs about health and conditions (Shi et al., 2021). It can be used to build messages that help increase perceived susceptibility and severity and, at the same time, capture the gains of having preventive behaviors. For instance, the health belief model can be adopted in a public health campaign to encourage immunization by drawing the client’s attention to the dangers of not immunizing.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) are practical frameworks that help comprehend and predict health behaviors. The HBM highlights self-knowledge of health states, while the TPB includes perceived behavioral intention and perceived control. Both models highlight aspects such as attitude, social beliefs, and self-efficacy to instigate behavioral change.  By incorporating these theories into clinical practice, more efficient approaches to health promotion and patient education are improved, as discussed in NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework.

References

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