The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper

The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper

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– Define osteomyelitis. Discuss etiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
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The main factor that contributes to osteomyelitis is the staphylococcus bacteria. According to Masters et al. (2019), staphylococcus is a germ type mainly found in the skin and noses, even for healthy individuals. In that regard, there are a variety of ways that these germs can get into a bone. One of the ways is through the bloodstream, where, for example, germs originating from urinary tract infections and pneumonia can easily travel from their designated areas through the bloodstream and attack the weakened bone spot (Hofstee et al., 2020)The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper. On the same, injuries such as severe puncture wounds have a higher possibility of carrying germs to the deepest parts of the human body. Other injuries that can facilitate germs entering a bone structure include a broken bone which is severely damaged, resulting in part sticking to the individual’s skin. As Masters et al. (2019) accentuates, surgery has contributed to osteomyelitis through direct germs contamination when replacing joints or repairing fractures. Hence, individuals must acknowledge that even if bones tend to be resistant to infections, such protection minimizes with age. Hence it is essential to seek proper medical checkups once one suspects an instance of osteomyelitis

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Osteomyelitis presents itself at both acute and chronic levels. As Hofstee et al. (2020) posit, acute osteomyelitis requires healthcare professionals to ensure that they engage a high suspicion degree to reduce instances of delayed diagnosis and other adverse effects. Generally, osteomyelitis is diagnosed clinically using various non-specific symptoms, basis as chills, fever, lethargy, irritability, or fatigue. Also, various classic inflammation signs, including swelling, local pain, or redness, may be present and, in most cases, disappears within five to seven days. Chronic osteomyelitis is also referred to as chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis. According to Moreno-Mateo et al. (2020)The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper, the condition requires a detailed diagnosis history which involves information on initial injuries and previous surgical treatment and medication. Also, clinicians need to assess the extremity and weight-bearing functions since they tend to be typically disturbed, including a comprehensive report on swelling, edema, local pain, and erythema.

Many factors may be involved in evaluating osteomyelitis, including routine blood tests, exams, and microbiology. It is important to acknowledge that osteomyelitis diagnosis may be difficult for routine blood tests and exams. If the exam showcases an ulcer, osteomyelitis presence is determined by the bone visibility or an encounter with the bone during the ulcer assessment using a sterile instrument (Masters et al., 2019). The clinicians cannot rule out osteomyelitis presence due to the inability to prove the ulcer. Routine laboratory tests tend to be non-specific since the white blood count appears normal even during acute osteomyelitis. Even if the C-reactive protein and erythrocytes sedimentation rate may be elevated, they still do not indicate specificity unless other microbiological and radiologic data accompany them. In that case, clinicians should prioritize blood cultures whenever they suspect osteomyelitis (Masters et al., 2019)The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper. However, due to their inaccuracies, whenever hematogenous osteomyelitis is present, the gold standard for osteomyelitis diagnosis should be tissue culture and bone biopsy accompanied by histopathological examination.

During the evaluation of osteomyelitis, physical examination is essential where the clinicians can assess the local disturbance or scars of wound healing that can easily be noted alongside cardinal inflammation signs (Masters et al., 2019). The most common extremity to assess during that time include a range of motion, local impaired vascularity signs, and deformity, and if the periosteal tissues are involved, the point of tenderness should be assessed. Unlike in adults, osteomyelitis presentation in children may be challenging since it may only present with non-specific signs and symptoms (Moreno-Mateo et al., 2020). However, some signs include adjacent joint and affected limb pain, decreased movement, erythema, and edema within the affected area.

One way to understand the current clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis is that surgical procedures were the main management before the penicillin introduction in the 1940s. Surgical osteomyelitis management involves extensive wound packing, cauterization, and debridement (Masters et al., 2019)The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper. In such activities, the area affected by osteomyelitis would then be left to heal by involving a secondary intention that led to higher sepsis mortality rates. However, due to the current availability of various antibiotics, like staphylococcal osteomyelitis, the mortality rates of osteomyelitis have improved significantly. The treatment for osteomyelitis depends on the patient’s general health, age, and symptoms. Also, Hofstee et al. (2020) indicate that the treatment will depend on the severity of the condition. That is because the main goal of osteomyelitis treatment is curing the infected position while minimizing other long-term issues. Therefore, the treatment may involve medicines, including intravenous antibiotics, which may require the patient to be hospitalized, or oral antibiotics for the outpatients but in both cases, the treatment lasts for several weeks. Because patients experience pain, clinicians ensure they manage pain (Masters et al., 2019). However, some cases require osteomyelitis patients to carry out surgical intervention, particularly in cases that require drainage of infectious fluids or removal of damaged bones and tissues.

Osteomyelitis is a condition that affects the bones. The condition may present itself as acute or chronic osteomyelitis. Some symptoms of acute osteomyelitis include local pain, swelling, fatigue, and chills. However, for chronic osteomyelitis, clinicians must ensure that they assess the patient’s history adequately to be in a position to make informed decisions on the type of treatment the patient deserves. The patient may receive oral or intravenous antibiotics during treatment while the clinicians practice appropriate pain management. Consequently, surgery may be needed in cases where the patient has infections, fluids, or damaged bones and tissues The Osteomyelitis Assignment Discussion Paper